15 Ways to Support Math and Science Education

List courtesy of the National Math and Science Initiative.

(I’ve highlighted in red the items that I especially agree with or am trying/will try to implement for my own students)

  1. Think and speak positively about math and science. Never again say to your child, “I wasn’t good in math either. Math is hard.” Rather say, “Learning math is critical for everyone today. I sure wish I had studied it more.” Encouragement and praise can be the first steps toward success.
  2. Pay attention to math and science teaching in your child’s school. Have you reviewed your child’s science or math homework lately? Are assignments or projects creative and tied to real-life situations or your child’s interests? Ask the PTO to schedule a presentation by the math and science departments at your child’s school so that you can better understand what’s being taught – and school leaders will see that parents expect quality.
  3. Support more modern lab equipment in local schools. Does the equipment in your child’s science lab look like what you used when you were in school? Times have changed and many school labs need to be updated. Do you belong to a club, or another type of organization that might help raise funds for more supplies and better equipment at your school?
  4. Stand up for algebra. Does your child’s school offer 8th grade algebra? If not, speak up to your school leaders and school board. Algebra is the gateway class that enables all students, no matter what their fields of interest, to move forward in school and college. If you don’t feel comfortable going to school leadership and/or the school board alone, you can see if other parents agree. Are there other parents like you who would support either signing a letter or going with you to a PTO meeting to try to enlist support from other parents?
  5. Become an advocate for Advanced Placement* Program courses that give students strong preparation for college work. Find out if your child’s high school offers Advanced Placement courses in math and science. If not, see if other parents would also want more information on these rigorous courses. Together you can show that parents are interested in having their children participate in AP courses. If the school already offers AP courses, find out how hard it is for students to get into the advanced classes. Advocate for a system that registers students for advanced classes unless their parents opt them out. You also should check and ensure that they are offered at non-conflicting times so students won’t miss out on helpful classes.
  6. Encourage your school leaders to provide incentives for students to successfully complete AP exams. Better yet, you can become a donor yourself – or recruit donors to defray the cost of taking exams and provide financial incentives for students to pass the exams. Do you have contacts with corporations that appreciate the need for a math-literate workforce? Do you have ties to sororities, fraternities or faith-based organizations? Look for people you know who might be willing to partner with the school to provide incentives for students who are taking rigorous AP courses. Might they also be willing to provide incentives for the teachers involved who are doing so much additional work with the students in the AP courses?
  7. Offer to mentor students in local schools who may be struggling or want to do advanced work. Recruit others to help. Is your service organization, professional group, or faith-based organization involved with your school? If not, are you willing to ask for their participation? Education ministries and service organizations can be a great source of support from retirees and others who might be willing to assist with tutoring/mentoring/grant writing.
  8. Encourage more colleges and universities to provide math and science recruitment programs for high school students. If you are a member of a civic or service organization, you could encourage the group to help organize a summer instititute for middle and high school students in math and science at a local university or college. Or, urge the university or college that you attended to reach out to high school students with special math and science programs.
  9. Volunteer to help organize a science fair if your middle school does not have one. Get the parents who are in science, health, engineering and computer fields to serve one afternoon as judges. Get local businesses to offer prizes.
  10. Rally local business support for math and science careers. Encourage your employer or chamber of commerce to form a partnership with a local school to support students who are interested in careers in math, science, computer science, and engineering. Summer internships and scholarships can make young dreams come true.
  11. Encourage more college students in math and science to become teachers. Find out what your local colleges and universities are doing to graduate more qualified math and science teachers. Are there programs in place to encourage more math and science majors to become teachers? Would a teacher training program such as UTeach be feasible there?
  12. Encourage foundations in your area to provide greater support for math and science education. Is there an organization in your community that might be interested in helping with funds for new textbooks, school supplies, lab equipment, scholarships for math and science? You should give them a nudge.
  13. Support more opportunities for girls and women in math and science. Find out if your school district offers the option of single-sex public schools. If not, encourage your school to look at the success of schools like Austin, Texas. Experience has shown that female students perform better at math and science in single-gender schools. Or, you can help more women pursue math and science careers in college by encouraging the creation of more scholarships for female students to enter those fields. Do you know any women’s service groups and foundations that might be helpful? Although more than half the students in medical schools today are women, the percentages of women in schools of engineering and most other sciences is still low.  You can help by providing a grant through a local foundation, non-profit or university that will help pay for childcare help for female graduate students and post-docs.
  14. Support more opportunities for underrepresented groups in math and science. Hispanic and African-American students are still under-represented in AP courses and in math and science classes in college. In 2000, only 4.4 percent of the science and engineering jobs in the United States were held by African Americans and only 3.4 percent by Hispanics. More minority participation is needed to provide the infusion of talent that our country will need in these critically important fields. You can help by supporting grants, scholarships, summer programs, and internships that bring more diverse students into math and science study.
  15. Urge your representatives in Congress to fund the America COMPETES legislation. The legislation was overwhelmingly passed by Congress in 2007, but has not yet been funded. The legislation cannot make a difference without funding.

Behold the Man Upon the Cross

How deep the Father’s love for us,
How vast beyond all measure
That He should give His only Son
To make a wretch His treasure

How great the pain of searing loss,
The Father turns His face away
As wounds which mar the chosen One,
Bring many sons to glory

Behold the Man upon a cross,
My sin upon His shoulders
Ashamed I hear my mocking voice,
Call out among the scoffers

It was my sin that held Him there
Until it was accomplished
His dying breath has brought me life
I know that it is finished

I will not boast in anything
No gifts, no power, no wisdom
But I will boast in Jesus Christ
His death and resurrection

Why should I gain from His reward?
I cannot give an answer
But this I know with all my heart
His wounds have paid my ransom

How deep the Father’s love for us,
How vast beyond all measure
That He should give His only Son
To make a wretch His treasure

How great the pain of searing loss,
The Father turns His face away
As wounds which mar the chosen One,
Bring many sons to glory

Shadows of Things to Come

Therefore no one is to act as your judge in regard to food or drink or in respect to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath day– things which are a mere shadow of what is to come; but the substance (literally body) belongs to Christ.

Colossians 2:16-17

For the Law, since it has only a shadow of the good things to come and not the very form (literally image) of things, can never, by the same sacrifices which they offer continually year by year, make perfect those who draw near.

Hebrews 10:1

I love the Biblical imagery of a “shadow.” The Greek word translated as “shadow” (σκιά, pronounced skia) shows up three times in the New Testament in a metaphorical sense. Two of the three verses are listed above and we will get to the third (and perhaps most interesting use for the purposes of this blog) shortly.  The word σκιά can be translated as “shadow” or “foreshadow” or even “reflection.” There are several examples outside of the Bible of the word being used to refer to an image as seen in water – in which case the translation of “reflection” might be more apt. In all metaphorical cases, including the three instances in the New Testament, σκιά can generally be taken to mean: “a mere representation of something real” (BDAG).

One thing about shadows, they need a body to make them (Col. 2:17). Reflections need an original, or true, image (Heb. 10:1). In both passages listed above, Paul and the author of Hebrews are not claiming that the Mosaic Law was bad. The Law was in fact very good, but incomplete. In as much as a person’s shadow is not a complete description of who they are since it only provides an outline of their form, the Law was not a perfect description of how humanity is to relate to God, but it did give an outline, an idea. The Law was meant to point toward Christ. It provided only a boundary of holiness in which Israel was to operate in order to be a distinct and set-apart people of God. The Law was the shadow. Christ is the body. The Scriptures above demonstrate that since Christ has been revealed we no longer live in a shadow of unreachable standards, but instead we are to be intimately related with God in person: Jesus Christ.

So what does this have to do with math?

This brings me to the third passage in which σκιά is used metaphorically:

For every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices; so it is necessary that this high priest (Christ) also have something to offer. Now if He were on earth, He would not be a priest at all, since there are those who offer the gifts according to the Law; who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, just as Moses was warned by God when he was about to erect the tabernacle; for, “See,” He says, “that you make all things according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain.”

Hebrews 8:5

This passage references Exodus 25 – an entire chapter (plus) devoted to instructions for constructing the Tabernacle. Whereas the two passages we began with seemed to describe the Law as a shadow of Christ, Hebrews 8:5 seems to take that imagery a step further and claim that the physical Tabernacle is a shadow of the heavenly place of worship in the presence of God. What I find interesting is that the construction of Tabernacle is at its root a mathematical process. Exodus 25 is filled with detailed dimensions and lists for construction. When God wanted to teach Israel what He was like and How He was to be worshiped, the language of mathematics played a vital role in communicating that message.

Maybe there is something in this imagery of “shadow” that can help us understand the place of mathematics in this world – both its importance and its limitations. Is the language of mathematics simply a “shadow” of our divine understanding to come? While my thoughts are just beginning on this issue, initially my answer would be yes.

From Stewart Shapiro, Thinking About Mathematics, p. 54

In pursuing this further, it is comforting to know that I am not the only one who believes mathematics can be best understood with this “shadow” imagery. The following is taken from the book Thinking About Mathematics, by Stewart Shapiro:

“At the end of Book 6 of the Republic Plato gives a metaphor of a divided line (see Fig. 3.1). The world of Becoming is on the bottom and the world of Being on the top (with the Form of Good on top of everything). Each part of the line is again divided. The world of becoming is divided into the realm of physical objects on top and reflections of those (e.g. in water) on the bottom. The world of Being is divided into the Forms on top and the objects of mathematics on the bottom. This suggests that physical objects are ‘reflections’ of mathematical objects which, in turn, are ‘reflections’ of Forms” (p. 53-54).

In some sense Plato saw mathematics as reflecting the Forms, or the true world of knowledge.

Plato described Forms such as the Good, the Beautiful, the True, the Just. Today we as Christians can understand these Forms as being attributes and expressions of the divine nature. God’s nature defines goodness, beauty, truth, justice. As we pursue study of the divine nature, in some way mathematics provides a “shadow” (an outline) that guides us.

What exactly that means, I’m not yet certain. I just found this imagery very interesting in light of Scripture and I will be pursuing this line of thinking further in the future. For now I leave it to you to do with this what you will. I would love to hear your comments. As we wrestle with this topic we can be comforted that while we may not understand the shadow completely, there is a true body to whom we relate and who we will one day see.

For now we see (a reflection) in a mirror dimly, but then face to face; now I know in part, but then I will know fully…

1 Corinthians 13:12 (object added)

And Lord, haste the day when my faith shall be sight,
The clouds be rolled back as a scroll;
The trump shall resound, and the Lord shall descend,
Even so, it is well with my soul.